"People who do research on code-switching point out that people do it to emphasize certain aspects of identity to show informality to show easy command of several languages and to impress and dominate others. Indeed, code-switching has always been going on whenever two or more languages have come in contact. First, one switches code for many reasons, not just lack of control of languages. If anything, it may be an indication of knowing both languages. "he use of English words in Urdu- code-switching for linguists-is not an indication of not knowing the two languages. Where do English and Urdu belong in this venture?" Their challenge is to realise the slogan of ‘education for all.’ But, as the ‘policy dialogue’ would suggest, it should not just be education for all but quality education for all so that we can truly be liberated. The rulers, supposedly, are very serious about it. "At the heart of all this discussion, of course, is education in all its dimensions. Whether English should be our official language, in spite of its value as a means of communication with the rest of the world, is surely a major issue. In fact, the domination of English in our society may also have contributed to the growth of religious militancy in the country. a barrier to our progress because it reinforces class division and undermines the main purpose of education as an equaliser. "A bit subversive it may be deemed but my contention that English is. And it is not possible to be equally faithful to both of them. But there is often this feeling that in preserving this bond, I have betrayed my first love and my childhood’s passion-Urdu. I live with it and I cherish this relationship. "In some ways, I have a lover’s quarrel with the English language. Back-formation: to scrute from scrutiny blends: telemoot from television and moot 'meeting' conversion: to aircraft, to arson, to change sheet compounds: to airdash 'depart quickly by air,' to head-carry." "Still further word-formation processes are attested in Pakistani English with outcomes which are not necessarily known outside this country. goondaism 'hooliganism,' 'thuggish behaviour,' biradarism 'favouring one's clan.' ![]() "There are also word formations consisting of hybrids and blends with inflectional elements from English and stems from regional languages, e.g. As might be expected, loans from the various indigenous languages of Pakistan are to be found in local forms of English, e.g. Interference stemming from background languages is common and switching between these languages and English occurs frequently on all levels of society. ![]() Indian English are largely shared by Pakistani English. As in many former British colonies, English first enjoyed the status of an official language alongside Urdu after independence in 1947. ![]() "English in Pakistan- Pakistani English-shares the broad characteristics of South Asian English in general and is similar to that spoken in contiguous regions of northern India.
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